Strategic Management of Tesco: PESTLE and SWOT Analysis

St stationgic Management of Tesco PESTLE and SWOT AnalysisTesco plc is a leading spheric food product with its headquarters in Cheshunt in the United soil where it is ranked second in this country in hurt of r even upues and third in terms of profits. This attach to has stores in much than 14 countries in the world and has employed more than 326000 employees globally. In the United Kingdom, the food and drink retail sector represents the largest perseverance offering large employment opportunities to people of the United Kingdom and the self-colored world in general. In the global competition and companies pictures, it is of great importance for a companionship to come up with a schema that will evaluate its agonistic advantage. In this case, PESTEL analytic thinking is commitd by the Tesco plc. This analysis indicates that, Tesco plc has to monitor and suffice to uncontroll able forces that be posed by six factors. These factors include political, economic, socio-cult ural, technological, environmental, and legal. In this essence, these forces influence the macro environment of the Tesco plc. The another(prenominal) aspect which is of great significance to grapple when evaluating the competitive advantage of this company is the SWOT analysis. In this respect, the strengths, weaknesses, threats, and opportunities of this company atomic number 18 analyzed. From the analysis it can be well-read that the companys strengths and opportunities neutralize the weaknesses and threats. It can be learned from the analysis that this company has been able to operate a number of stores in the whole world with the major ones being in the United Kingdom. The amplificationd increase of technology acts as a likely basis for the company to operate online and offer its customers with products from different parts of the world.IntroductionTesco Plc. is one of the largest global groceries headquartered in Cheshunt in the United Kingdom. It is the second largest retailer in the whole world when measured in terms of profits and third largest when measured in terms of revenues. In the United Kingdom, Tesco has a market sh ar of 30% hence becoming the market leader in this country. This company has more than 2318 stores in 14 countries crosswise Europe, Asia, and North America. Tesco plc was founded in the year 1919 by Jack Cohen and the first store was opened in the year 1929 in Burnt Oak. Tesco plc has a flat graded structure where each and e precise(prenominal) intended action has to pass through the management. There be six levels which ar between checkout staff and antique executive. This company has employed more than 326000 employees across the globe where 237000 of them are in Europe where it has its largest private employer. This company has 83 Tesco stores and 447 superstores in the United Kingdom. Tesco plc has been using the strategy of pile em high, sell em cheap as a way of minimizing production costs. The mission and vision of this company are to offer splendid and technical representation and add value to its products and customers by providing super innovative solutions to their customers design, manufacturing requirements, and procurement. This is unremarkably done by better the quality, productivity, and services to a competitive edge.The grocery sector where foods and drinks are sold represents the largest industry in the United Kingdom. This sector offers employment opportunities to more than three million people in different levels such as primary production, manufacturing, and retailing. In the year 2003, the food and drink retail sector accounted for about 9% of the countrys gross domestic product. In order to increase its competitive advantage, Tesco plc has diversified its production where it supplies clothing and other non food lines. Its own label products are in three levels which include, value, normal, and finest. In addition to convenience produce, almost of the companys stores construct gas suppliers hence becoming one of the largest United Kingdom autonomous petrol retailers (Porter 1980 27).Strategy growth companyPESTEL analysisIn the knead of evaluating the competitive advantage of this company, there are six forces that Tesco has to respond to and which influence its macro environment. These forces include political, economical, socio-cultural, technological, environmental, and legal factors. In the process of shaping the marketing strategies for the Tesco plc, these macro-environmental factors consume been evaluated in both global and domestic markets to successfully penetrate the markets and possess a higher niche in competition (Pearce Robinson 2003 237).Table 1 PESTEL analysis of Tesco plcPolitical factorsAs it operates in a globalized environment with stores across the globe, Tescos performance is greatly influenced by the political conditions of the countries where it has its stores. This is because each and every country has its own politic al standing which may be different from United Kingdom. Among the important factors that act as productive grounds for this company is the fact that United Kingdom is politically stable and free from corruption. Additionally, most of the countries where it has its stores like Japan, Turkey, Hungary, Ire prop, and Poland among others are politically stable providing good environment for business (Patterson 2002 251). The United Kingdom government encourages businesses and retailers to offer a mix of job opportunities from centrally located, highly paid, lowly paid, locally based jobs, and flexible jobs. The political factors prevailing not nevertheless in Britain provided in any case in the whole world influence Tesco to employ all kinds of people as a way of providing employment opportunities to citizens. The aspect of political stability has increase the companys profits as taxation policies in Britain encourage operations of business sector.Economic factorsEconomic factors as they influence demands, costs, and prices of the products offered are of great concern to this company. The whole globe has experienced economic decline and hence the aspect of acquire products has been greatly affected in all companies without the elision of Tesco plc. In this respect, the inflation rate of the United Kingdom has dropped from 3.6% in the year 2009 to 2.2% in the year 2010. This indicates that there is an increased value of money hence decreasing the costs of living and the purchasing power increases in return. Since Tesco plc has a number of stores not only in UK but also in the whole world, its business cycles are not intemperately affected since there are gross sales throughout the year. The current economic growth has affected the purchasing power of buyers hence reducing the number of sales made by this company. Additionally, the level of income in the United Kingdom is relatively unequal hence making some people fail to afford the products offered by this c ompany (McLoughlin Aaker 2010 211).Socio-cultural factorsIt should be noted that people make up markets in the world and hence there is a strong demographic force in global and local markets. Population growth is one of the interests of marketers especially in cities, urban areas, and towns but this does not necessarily mean that the increased population forms potential markets for the produced goods. This is because one may thrust a lot of people to feed hence failing to purchase the products offered by Tesco plc. The fact that umpteen people have gone to school has increased customer awareness of their rights and hence they are only buying products that are of high quality (Mazzucato 2002 58). The concept of ethnicity implies that the United Kingdom is an amalgam of races where different races have different tastes and cultures. In this country more than 90% of the total population are the Whites hence marketers are generally derriereing them. berth is another factor that is usually considered by marketers as most of the potential buyers are found in urban areas as compared to rural areas. Tesco plc is strategically located in a place where potential buyers are heavily targeted.Environmental factorsGlobally, there have been increased campaigns on environmental preservation and many companies are supposed to preserve the environment. This is because most of the pollutions that are done to the environment are caused by industries. As a way of maintaining and preserving environment, Tesco plc usually uses licensed waste garbage disposal services. There are legal requirements that force companies in the United Kingdom to support the aspect of sustainable development and this cannot be done without professional ways of disposing wastes (Lake Powell 1999 63). Additionally, water that is used in this company is usually recycled in so that it can be reused as a way of preserving the most important resources in the United Kingdom. Globally, consumers are awa re of the impacts of environmental pollution and hence are increasingly buying products that have been produced through environmentally friendly means.LegalIn the United Kingdom there is competition law that is established under the Competition Act 1998 and the Enterprise Act 2002. This usually affects the behaviours of businesses in this country as there is a manner in which they are supposed to compete. It is a requirement for all businesses in this country to abide with these laws and Tesco plc is not excluded (Kotler et al 2005 54). Tesco plc is mostly involved in selling foods and drinks and hence has to abide with the Health and Safety Laws in this country. These laws are provided under the Health and Safety Act 1974.Technological factorsIn the global competition, quality of products or services is highly appreciated by customers and any company that produces high quality products wins most customers. In this case, quality is usually guaranteed by technological advancement and hence Tesco plc has improved its technological innovations. The speed of technology transfer in this company is very fast as employees are learning technological aspects in order to improve their performance within the company. Innovation is highly encouraged in this company and this has helped the company in change its competitive advantage in the whole world (Jeffs 2008 68).SWOT analysis of Tesco plcThe concept of SWOT analysis usually indicates the competitive advantage of a company by savouring at its strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats.StrengthsTesco plc has been able to operate a number of stores in the whole world with the major ones being in the United Kingdom. This has helped it to cypher into the global market hence reaching a wide number of customers. Additionally, this company has recently engaged in advert its products online where customers are in a position to learn and order products online (Rumelt 1991 172). Through the stores that are located in more than 14 countries globally, customers are able to get their ordered products in time. The products that are produced by this company are usually of high value and quality hence attracting large numbers of customers. By operating in urban areas, Tesco plc has been able to capture most people as these are the highly populated areas globally. This company has been able to compete stiffly with its competitors like Sainsbury, Marks Spencer, and ASDA hence improving its financial strengths. There has been diversification where Tesco plc also supplies clothing and other products away from food and drink line. This has helped this company is competing with its competitors (Ireland et al 2007 37).WeaknessesTesco plc is using a lot of fogey fuel in its distribution of products especially in transport network. This is because it is not wholly established to have stores in almost all countries of the world. Additionally, this company has only targeted the developed world leaving out the developing and under developed nations which may produce potential customers for their products. The aspect of using internet in advertising its products has been covering only a certain group of people as mostly the youths are the ones who make use of internet. This indicates that those people who do not use internet frequently will not be in a position to know about its products (Human Resource Management 2010).ThreatsThere is a very stiff competition that is posed by Tesco competitors like Sainsbury, Marks Spencer, and ASDA. Most companies worry about taxes in any country and Tesco being no exception worries about taxes in the United Kingdom and the other countries where it has stores. The innovation by other companies is another threat of this company as any increase in innovation will result to a very stiff competition towards this company (Grant 2009 26).OpportunitiesThe recent advancement in technology offers Tesco plc a great prospect of using internet in selling its produ cts. In this aspect, internet is the most used technology that is able to reach a wide number of customers even in areas where there are no stores. Additionally, there is an opportunity of forming alliance competitors or suppliers in order to reduce production and distribution costs. Collaborations are very necessary in that companies share resources and hence they do not fear taking risks in any pursuit of development (Coulter 2009 56).RecommendationsIn order for the Tesco plc to light upon a higher ground in competition than its rivals it has to do the followingImprove the management in order to make sure that all stores are well managed so that quality services may be offered to customers.The company should encourage employees innovations in order to compete with other companies.The company should increase its target population by opening new stores in other countries in order to target large numbers of customersConclusionIn winding up, competitive advantage of a company can be evaluated using different strategies that are very essential in a company. In this case, the PESTEL analysis of the Tesco plc indicates that this company has to monitor and respond to the six forces that influence its macro environment. These forces include political, economic, technological, soci0-cultural, environmental, and legal. From the SWOT analysis of the Tesco plc, this company has a number of strengths and opportunities that are able to neutralize weaknesses and threat.Africa beyond The StereotypesAfrica Beyond The StereotypesIn a single day 95 photographers document a wildly diverse continent bursting with energy and promise. Send 95 photojournalists approximately the African continent on the same day, and what do you get? Pictures and columns that belie the clichd expectations, a prosperous South African family enjoys breakfast in a sparkling kitchen near Johannesburg, denim-clad girls giggle as they walk to class in Cape Verde. Africa, which is bigger than the United S tates, China, Argentina, Europe, India combined contains 53 nations, 720 million people and more than 800 ethnic groups who speak more than a 1,000 languages. The 250 photos from each photographer barely even scratch the surface of the continents diversity. (magazine, 2002)Studying AfricaIf educators had the time to survey their students before agreeable students in the study of the continent, they would undoubtedly be shocked by (i) the lack of fellowship about Africa, which is the second largest continent in terms of both land area and population, and (ii) by the images of Africa held by the majority of their students. Africa is probably the least known and the most misrepresented of the continents. This is due to the simplistic explanatory constructs through which the media, government, and educational texts have brought understanding to events (social, economic, political) and practices (social, cultural, religious) in Africa. (Exploring Africa)http//graphjam.files.wordpress.c om/2008/07/arbitraryuser.pngCommon stereotypes Africa is the Dark Continent Africa is culturally monolithic Africa without history Africa is pagan Africa is fierce Endemic violence Endemic aridness/ starvingBehavioral Characteristics- African behavior is determined by primordial drives, Savagery, Tribal loyalty, Superstition determines attitudes and behavior, Weird cultural practices. Many fashionable images of Africa are based on stereotypes that present fragmented, inaccurate, and at times fallacious, images or representations of Africa. These images and misrepresentations become the basis of knowledge.Given the lack of in-depth knowledge of Africa and the prevalence of generalized stereotypes to interpret Africa, Americans tend to use explanatory constructs to bring meaning and understanding to images and news from Africa. Common examples include the following Tribalism- seemingly endemic conflicts in Africa are explained by primordial tribal impulses. genetic structur es and practices-African patrimonial structures encourage nepotism, corruption, and economic and political inefficiency. Therefore, they preclude democracy. Communitarian orientation- Anti-individualism precludes personal initiative, development, and modernity.(Exploring Africa)Sources of StereotypesHistoricalEuropean explorers, colonial officials, and missionaries created representations of Africa and Africans through narratives that were consonant with their beliefs and supportive of their agenda (e.g. Africans as uncivilized incapable of governing themselves). ContemporaryNews Media cover Africa superficially (crisis driven coverage). Reporters often have no background in Africa. Liberal use of inadequate explanatory constructs.Entertainment Media perpetuates negative images of helpless primitives and evil pagans. The media glorify colonialism and European intervention. Currently, Africa is represented as a place of endemic violence and brutal but ignorant dictators.Animalizatio n of Africa through the many of nature founds on Africa that presents Africa as being devoid of humans.Safari Industry promotes an orientation to animals and exploitation of non-representative African cultures (e.g. Maasai, Pekot, San, etc.). subject parks in united states that feature African themes.Advertising-industry has built and exploited (and thereby perpetuated) simplistic stereotypes of Africa.U.S Textbooks covering Africa often provide inadequate coverage, and use popular explanatory constructs. Feature pictorial images (predominance of animals and exotica).Highlight social and cultural representations of non-representative groups such as the Maasai and San.(Exploring Africa)African stereotypes- A Reaction from the PublicAfter generally refraining from criticizing media coverage of African news, it has becoming increasingly hard for some people to resist commentary. I suppose one can only read and watch so many stereotyped and misinformed news stories before it becomes to o much to bear. Texas in Africa (an African blog spot), the ladies at Wronging Rights, among others have always been quick to stress the problem with heavy(p) reporting. For example A story written by Jeffrey Gettleman on the drought currently plaguing Kenya. Gettleman writes A devastating drought is sweeping across Kenya, killing livestock, crops and children. It is stir up tensions in the ramshackle slums where the water taps have run dry, and spawning ethnic conflict in the hinterland as pastoralist communities fight over the digest remaining parts of fertile grazing land. The twin hearts of Kenyas economy, agriculture and tourism, are especially imperiled. The fabled game animals that safari-goers fly thousands of miles to see are keeling over from hunger and the picturesque savannah is now littered with an unusually large number of sun-bleached bones. (Gettleman, 2009)There is definitely a severe drought in Kenya and it is indubitably a cause of great concern for Kenyans de pendent on agriculture for their livelihood. As Gettleman notes, the drought is also increasing conflict in some parts of the country, with farmers fight for access to arable land. Such conflict, however, is not ethnic, but rather an instance of basic survival. Aside from this point, what I find most troublesome about Gettlemans piece is his suggestion that the Kenyan economy will somehow crumble as a consequence of the drought. The unknowing reader comes away from Gettlemans piece with an image of a completely impoverished, desert-like country on the brink of disaster a stereotype of a typical African country. While Kenya surely does have its problems Gettlemans imagery is highly misguiding. Technology in Kenya is expanding at a rapid pace, heralding much opportunity for development. Emphasis is also being placed on the countrys private sector as an engine for growth, as well as small-scale manufacturing. One doesnt get any of this from Gettlemans piece.African stereotypes and Soc ial PsychologyResearch by social psychologists strongly indicates that we as individuals find it difficult to hold conflicting or mutually exclusive beliefs/understandings. Social psychologists call this aversion cognitive dissonance, the discomfort in holding contradictory beliefs or representations. Yet when we are exposed to evidence that contradicts an accepted image, we may not recognize or be bothered by the contradiction (e.g. Africans are primitive but not be flustered when introduced to Africans who are clearly very modern), unless prior representation is challenged. To give a simple example, many Americans conceptualise that Africa is comprised of jungle, sparsely populated savannah, or desert. When shown pictures of modern African cities, individuals may accept that the cities are in Africa however, if the dominant representation is not directly challenged in attack to maintain cognitive consonance, students will maintain their prior perception. So in spite of pictoria l evidence, many people will revert to their prior knowledge and understanding of Africa.Debunking African stereotypesIt is important that educators advocate a feeling of understanding and appreciating other cultures and societies. So many people tend to judge other peoples actions and ways of life by their own cultural values. pedagogues need to steer away from this ethnocentric view. In teaching about Africa, stereotypes and biases naturally creep in. educators should be on guard to not perpetuate the beliefs that seem to come to mind. Words in describing Africa can be altered for example consider the table below. hold in wordSubstitute wordJunglerainforestTribeEthnic group/ peopleBackward/primitive/savage/nativetraditional supplysavannahWitch doctorherbalistCostumeNational attireJuju/superstitionfaithAlso educators should examine materials before hand for stereotypes and biases. Dont show a collection of pictures that only show Africans dressed in little clothing or wearing masks . Urban and rural areas should be represented too. Educator should talk about the people and not just the jungle and its inhabitants. Often, seemingly subtle opinions and failure to represent the real Africa can do harm to the students who look to educators as authorities on something they will probably never personally experience. (Turner, 1995)Works Cited(n.d.). Retrieved 3 23, 2010, from Exploring Africa http//exploringafrica.matrix.msu.eduGadzala, a. (2009). China In Africa. Trafficking in African Stereotypes .Gettleman, J. (2009, 9 8). Africa. soaker Land Dries up, Withering Kenyas hopes , p. A1.magazine, s. (2002, 12). Africa. Retrieved 3 2010, from http//www.smithsonianmag.coms/africa.htmlMerryfield, M. M. (1995). .Turner, D. (1995). teaching about africa. Utah early elemetary.