AirAsia Business Case Study: Strategy and Environment

AirAsia Business Case Study: Strategy and Environment AirAsia is one of the leading airlines corporation of Malaysia that performed exceedingly well in terms of its past investments and the profits that it made out of it after its relaunch. It was acquitted by a private entrepreneur Tony Fernandes when it was highly under debt. The sudden changes in the profit graph came to the surface soon when it announced its first profit right in seven months of its re-launch. The innovations in strategy and investments brought immense amount of profit to the company in the following years. It invested amounts on new and effective services and cut shorted various not essentially required expenditure to reduce the overall cost. With the implementation of its successful LCC model, the whole business model of AirAsia was changed and it became first Airline Corporation to have no-cost, no-frill concept to lower the prices by 40-60% than its rivals. The results were quite beneficial as it announced its first profit as US$6 million in December, 2002. The corporation kept on expanding its business with the opening of three other hubs within Malaysia to have more share of market size on domestic air flights in Malaysia. It also invested in to have regional flights to its neighboring countries like Thailand and Indonesia with its collaboration with Thailand Shin Corporation and Awair. This made AirAsia to have cheaper airlines to the neighboring countries. AirAsia soon emerged as the largest domestic airlines in Malaysia with the expectancies of over 18 million passengers in the year 2007. With its partnerships with various LCCs, the corporation performed well enough for its long-haul regional services. Its joint ventures with the LCCs like Australias virgin blue, the corporation got a big share in the expanding market of Australia. Its market kept on expanding over the years with the commencement of its flights to even the far cities like London and also for close countries like India and China with the net income reaching over US$ 44 millions in the year 2008. B] STRATEGIC POSTURE The mission of the corporation is to provide high-quality but low cost flying services to all type of passengers. The corporation being a part of airline industry, it missions to become the leader of the market by implementing its smart strategies and sharp business skills. As quoted by its owner Fernandes, he overtook the corporation during its declining stage as he advocated the correctness of time to enter the market because of charter aircraft price and abundance of skilled aircraft staff. The company has been consistent in following its goals and objectives throughout in its performance in the past decade. The corporate objectives were innovative and highly efficient with its symbolic acquisition of its own by Tony Fernandes, joint venture with Thailand Shin Corporation, Awair, Singapores Tiger Airways, etc to provide a broad destination options for its customers at the right times when it was needed. The business model was reconstructed with no-frills, low cost carriers (LCC) w hich brought immense amount of profits to them. The business objectives were to get not only the quality customers but the quantity customers with its seats available in different schemes and at different prices for all type of class of customers. They were constantly consistent with each other to provide exactly what the customers wants and what actually can be managed. The functionality objectives were always to cut down the economic fair of air travel by either performing to get reduced charge from the passengers or providing effective routes for them reducing their net expenditure on travel. It also added various value-added services like online booking, SMS booking, and bookings through call centers, etc. AirAsia soon became the integrated service provider from being a classic LCC product in its functionality to provide maximum attraction to its customers. The objectives were also consistent with the environment of the corporation. Even during the hikes in the prices of oil in mid-2008, the corporation didnt let the fairs go that high which was quite helpful for the corporation in beating off its competitors. The AirAsia opted for various cost-effective, customer-oriented and highly innovative strategies to shape its business model to reach its ultimate missions and objectives. With its innovative low-fare, no-frills concept it highly reduced the cost of air ticket such as by having just a single standard cabin, paid meals instead of pre-paid free meals, etc. The corporation found efficient ways of reducing the expenditure on travel by the customers while expanding its domestic and international business. Like for example, the short-haul flights took less than four hours for travel which provided it opportunity of having the return of the flights on the same day conserving many of the expenses of the corporation. The company also launched its long-hauled air services at the time when many of the LCCs were reluctant for that. All the strategies or mix of strategies were consistently aiming at gradually achieving the goals and the objectives of the corporation and dynamic with the changing internal and external environment. The corporation adopted bold and dynamic policies to achieve its objectives. The corporation first concentrated only on the domestic market and modified its business model to LCC. Then, gradually and steadily corporation expanded itself to first neighboring countries and then internationally across the continents. The missions, objectives, policies and the strategies clearly reflect the companys goals to achieve success not only at domestic level but also the international level (KO, 2009). EXTERNAL ENVIRONMENT: A] NATURAL PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT: SUSTAINABLE ISSUES Opportunities: The physical environment around the corporations site of business is climatically categorized as equatorial, being hot and humid throughout the year. The climate is favorably well enough to support the flight take-off, landing and flying. The physical location of Malaysia also favors the growth of the organization as it is well connected to the seas and oceans and so for its long-haul regional services, the corporation does not require to manage the permissions to cross the airbase of other countries. In this way the surrounding physical environment of Malaysia provides fair opportunities for AirAsia. Threats: Coming to the threats involved with the natural environment, the well connection of the country to other continents through seas and oceans provides enough opportunities for the journey through ships and Cruzes too which somewhere indirectly can effects the market of AirAsia. The Malaysia, Thailand and Indonesia is also a prone area for tsunamis and earthquakes that could affect any industry. The hot and humid climate also affects the working capabilities of the crew. These types of physical environments are also present in few other parts of the world and the same opportunities and threats exist there too. B] SOCIETAL ENVIRONMENT: Economy: The economy of Malaysia is a newly industrialized and state-oriented economy that plays a significant role in the success of AirAsia. The speedily growing economy of the country allows more and more customers to be able afford the airlines travel cost that makes a lot in the growth of a privately owned airlines especially it was relaunched soon after the nation came out of the financial crisis of Asia in 1997. Technological: The technological advancements in the fields of Information technology and Communication have led the value-added services of the corporation to work effectively. Political-legal: The political condition of Malaysia had also been in favor of the corporation as its acquisition was highly welcomed by the Malaysian government and there had been no conflict between the corporation and the governance of the nation till now. Socio-cultural: The hospitality of the people with their own diversity in food, cloth, etc and scenic beauty has always made Malaysia as a tourist spot for the tourists all over the world that has again proved a benefiting factor for the corporation. C] TASK ENVIRONMENT The forces like natural environment, external investments, location of hubs, rivalry with competitors, financial crisis, government policies, etc are the major forces that drive the industrial competitions. These forces vary from country to country as the economy; political, cultural conditions are not the same for every country. The following forces are listed with their ratings: Threats for new entrants- Medium Bargaining power of buyers- Low Threats of substitute products or services- High Bargaining power of supplier- Low Rivalry among the competing firms- High Relative power of unions, governments and special interest groups, etc.- High The key factors in the immediate environment affect a lot to the corporation. The government policies decide the taxes, establishment of hubs, permissions of number flights, etc. The loyalty of the labor unions ensures the smooth functioning of any corporation. The suppliers, providers, creditors always affect the quality of the services provided to the customers. INTERNAL ENVIRONMENT A] CORPORATE STRUCTURE Following is the way as the corporate structure of Air Asia at present (Organizational Structure, 2009): The structure is as we can see in a horizontal manner which means hierarchy is horizontal in the company. This is obviously something good for the company as interaction with lower level employees becomes easier for the above level of the employee or vice versa. Structure is comparable with most of airline firms as they also have the same horizontal hierarchy. B] CORPORATE CULTURE Corporate culture of the company is mainly base upon maximizing the value of shareholders. It also mainly believes in giving safety to the customers. It believes in giving maximum satisfaction to the customers with leaders in the cost structure It believes in transparency and development of human capital. Company is very much compatible with the employees and their diversities as it is providing employee satisfaction to all of its employees The company is similar in the cultural values like similar organizations as most of the organizations in the aviation sector have the similar cultural values (Strategy, 2006). C] CORPORATE RESOURCES- 1. MARKETING: The current marketing objectives of the corporation are to get maximum number of customers of all types by making such schemes in which everyone can be accommodated. Its tagline Now Everyone can fly says the basic fundamental concept behind its marketing objectives. The corporation effectively found the ways of getting the most effective routes to suit both its cost and customers satisfaction. The corporation has kept on adding and modifying its features and value added services to provide maximum offerings to increase its sales. The company has also strongly stuck itself to LCC principles. The corporation has also recently announced the commencements of its flights to even far-off places like London. The corporation has not only offered cheap tickets but also the services like travel insurance, etc. The free tickets on the basis of its point to the customer are another such offering. All these have also been dynamic and corresponding with its performance and availability of budgets. The company has very well performed on the basis of its current market position and the position from which it had started during its relaunch. The company has enough promotion and publicity in media through its publicity strategies. The fares of ticket have always been kept as low as possible despite of all sorts of problems coming up like price hikes of oil, etc. The company is even the sponsor of the famous Manchester United Football Club and ATT Williams Formula one team to have its world-wide promotion. The market size of the company is expanding with the launch of its several multinational collaboration and establishment of the joint ventures in Indonesia, Thailand, Australia, etc. Besides, its primary product of airline tickets its several other products include internet check-in services, Xpress boarding services, mileage programs, Citibank-Air Asia Credit Card, etc. The company is able to earn for the same product easily from the developed region in comparison to that in dev eloping region. This shows a trend that the basically the marketing strategy of a company should cover every section of the society in order to have maximum profit. This trend had been a fair impact on the success rate of a company and surely will be in the future too. The marketing of its products gives the company massive advantage over its competitors. The marketing strategies of the corporation have beaten all its major competitors both in terms of profits and customers satisfaction. The marketing managers have accepted these tools and techniques to evaluate the performance of a product. Marketing is highly dependent upon the political and socio-economic conditions prevailing in a country and hence same marketing strategy cannot be applied for adjustments in all the countries. The marketing takes an overall account in every dimension and hence the environmental sustainability has to be a guiding factor in marketing policies. 2. FINANCE: Corporations current financial objectives, strategies, policies and programs have been with high hopes of return. The corporation had to invest much on the purchase of flights, managing the crew of a debt-ridden firm and maximize its scale in a very less time. The finance has been clearly mentioned but under the limitations of its past performance. They have been exactly consistent with the objectives, policies and strategies of the corporation. The corporations finance in the activities of setting up of hubs within and outside Malaysia with the collaboration of other corporations helped them to gain several direct or indirect benefits. Its financial services like holiday products and all, charge for meal as customer desires, online and SMS bookings, medical care, etc did enough cash flow but in return it got enormous level of attachment with the customer who would always like to stick to AirAsia for its services. The smart finance policies of finance showed a trend of financing the long-term goals and objectives without compromising with the immediate ones can be an effective way to earn maximum economic profits. The past effects are already shown by the AirAsia and in future it is expected no less. This analysis strongly supports corporations past and pending strategic decisions. The financial success in terms of returns provides company with a competitive advantage. The financial performance of the corporation can be very well compared to others with the fact that out of many corporations based on LCC, it became number one in 2008. The profits were always high and when the MAS tried to have a price war it had to suffer huge losses. The finance is quite adjustable to the condition operating in various countries. The coping up of finance with global finance issue was also very well proved by the corporation during the period of global recession. Also, the finance managers play a very important role in strategic management as they are the ones who evaluate the effectiveness and acceptability of the strategies made and implemented. 3. OPERATIONS AND LOGISTICS The current service objectives, strategies, policies and programs of the corporation are not much different from those meant for the organization as a whole. They are meant for sale but with ensuring of its reputation and sustainability in the market. The services provided by the AirAsia are accurately meant for achieving its mission and objectives. They are clearly stated and structured with the requirement in the market. Also, they have always been revolutionary and innovative in their respective approaches. The cost effective and high quality services have the capabilities of not only bringing the ultimate customer satisfaction but also the favorably high returns of profits. Although the company has now started to focus internationally but still it has not been deviated from its initial aim of becoming the market leader of the domestic market. The purchasing is being handled on the very basis of its requirement. The other points to be highlighted are vulnerable to unexpected natural disasters, local or international strikes, hikes in prices of the materials and the other issues. 4. HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT The corporation has also effectively managed its human resource to benefit all. Even during its relaunch it didnt cut short the employees. It even saw the opportunities in hiring the skilled professionals, workers and other employees. Their objectives and strategies were again consistent with the corporations missions and objectives achieving the satisfaction for all even its own employees. There was not even a single considerable instance on clashes between employees and the top managing employers. The policies straight away indicate that they are simple, well stated, less dependent on the performance of the corporation and satisfactory for all of its employees. There have been less grievances, strikes and lay-offs which have been a great cause of success that has been achieved by the corporation till now. The commitment and loyalty of the employees as outcomes of proper HRM can be proved by the instance when Fernandes appreciated the staffs positive work ethic to overcome the finan cial issue of mid-2008. 5. INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY The role of Information Technology was another important factor involved with the successful AirAsia. The current objectives and strategies of the corporation regarding IT is to advertise its features and services, add the services and products to the catalog and solve various issues regarding the customer care with direct interaction with them. They are clearly defined with no dependence on budget or performance. They have been implemented for the better accomplishment of corporations goals and objectives. Many of the value added services are handled by IT by providing the travelers with the interface for online booking, internet check-in service, cancellations, etc. The Real 5 star rating was another example of this kind. The IT played a very important role in assisting the managers in taking the decisions and decides the immediate strategy. The database of the customer could be easily maintained, the complaints of the customer is speedily managed with the help of Information Technology. This analysis emerges a trend that in this era of boom in IT sector, the appropriate use of IT is a must for any kind of business. This had a positive impact on the business model of AirAsia and surely with the expansion of IT sector the positive impact obviously would be there. STRATEGIC FACTORS Four Important Internal Factors: The marketing innovations and its implementation. The smart finance policies with the fixed priorities which should also be at the correct time. The proper use of available manpower, avoiding confrontation among them for maximizing the proper functioning capability of the corporation. The efficient use of the resources like Information Technology, etc. Four Important external Factors: The government policies and the relationships with the government. The natural environment and the calamities that can unexpectedly occur. The economic, social and cultural factors of a country. Rivalry with other corporations. The current mission and objectives can be justified in the light of available resources, problems and the environment and they are achieved and will be achieved at an appreciating rate in the future looking at the present prospectus. STRATEGIC ALTERNATIVES: The corporation can further go ahead with more effective use of IT. The dual seat system can be implemented in domestic level too. The corporation has enough expanded and it can now open its chain to other South-east Asian countries, where such strategies would be highly invited. BUSINESS LEVEL STRATEGY ADOPTED BY AIRASIA The business model of AirAsia is well established and fairly ideal for other industries as well. With the perfectly set goals, mission and listed strategy ensures the well functioning of the corporation. Foundation of the corporation is based upon low cost, efficiency, stimulation of new markets and strong cash flow. Strategies highlight the concepts of simplicity, quality services at low cost, etc. And the vision is to continue to be lowest cost in the market. The corporation started its business with just three aircraft in 2002 which grew to the number 72 in 2008. The corporation has enough popularity in print and electronic media. With its low cost and high quality services and the customers satisfaction with the products of the corporation, the corporation has emerged out as a market leader in the industry. According to the porters five forces model, absolute cost advantage, government policies, fulfillment of capital requirements, its proprietary products, value added services, and the importance given to the supplier clearly indicates that the strategies opted by the corporation are suitable for it. The buyers inclination to the substitute, switching costs, and corporate stakes are the obvious risks for the corporation. (Porters Five Forces: A MODEL FOR INDUSTRY ANALYSIS)

Religion :: essays research papers

Indian Hindus will not be converted to Buddhism: Dalai Lama   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  This article is regarding the Dalai Lama and his supposed act of encouragement to convert Hindus in Buddhist. These allegations were proven to be false after the Dalai Lama himself denied them. I think it is a very important factor that when choosing a religion or faith that no persons opinion but your own should decided what you decision may be. There are many violent attacks over this matter, which I can understand because it is very disrespectful to any practice. There is nothing wrong with spreading the word or practicing your own religion but once you start forcing opinion or beliefs on others it becomes unfair. God Save The Teens   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Wow, this was an extremely interesting article. As I read it I mentally made a pro’s and con’s list and I came out with mixed reviews. This article is about a large and growing group of teens from places from New York, south Bronx to Long Island. They have found a new way to practice religion, they do it in the from of rap contests freestyle frenzies and â€Å"hip† sermons. This can be a very positive and productive situation considering that it is actually attracting many teens. Yet with terms used like and slogans like â€Å"I WOULD DIE TONIGHT FOR MY BELIEFS† and starting sermon off with â€Å"yo, God Bless, brother† I find it kind of disrespectful and offensive. Another popular belief among the groups is the way you come looking and dressed to a gathering. Dirty hair and ratty clothes aren’t frowned upon â€Å"you don’t have to comb your hair and put on a suit, God will accept you for that.† That may be t he case but have they ever heard of respect. John Paul’s Health Raises Fresh Concern: Vatican Law Doesn’t   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  This article discusses important and touchy issues, there is obviously a problem with John Paul’s duties as the pope and it is raising some concern. As the pope is getting older he is developing health problems such as Parkinson’s diease. His health problems are affecting his decisions and behaviour, such as when shortly after thanking the head of the Armenian Orthodox Church he suddenly slumped down in a chair and an aide read the rest of the text. Unfortunately there are no documented rules that say if popes mentally of physically can’t do his job can have it taken away.

“I, Too Sing America” by Langston Hughes Essay

Poem â€Å"I, Too Sing America † is considered to be very characteristic for radical poetry of Langston Hughes. The majority of literary critiques and historians refer to Hughes as one of the first American poets, who set the standards and examples how to challenge the post-World War I ethnic nationalism. His poetry contributed and shaped to some extent the politics of the Harlem Renaissance. In analysis of Black poetry Charles S. Johnson wrote that the new racial poetry of the Negro is the expression of something more than experimentation in a new technique; it marks the birth of a new racial consciousness and self-conception. It is first of all a frank acceptance of race, but the recognition of this difference without the usual implications of disparity (145). Being acquainted with many Hughes’s works, for instance â€Å"Our Land,† â€Å"The Negro Speaks of Rivers,† and of course â€Å"I, Too Sing America,† Johnson confirmed that poet had a strong sense of â€Å"race pride† and characterized Hughes’s poetry to be â€Å"without doubt the finest expression of this new Negro Poetry† (145). Some literary critiques refer to Hughes’s poem â€Å"I Too Sing America† as radical poetry. However, if in this poem Hughes chose to sacrifice artistry for politics, it was not because the two are mutually exclusive. The main reason for such Hughes’s technique is that the blues aesthetic of his early poems embraced a form of nationalism he could no longer abide (147). Hughes himself concludes that the chief responsibility of the black writer was to produce a racial literature drawn from African American life and culture. â€Å"We younger Negro artists who create,† Hughes wrote, â€Å"now intend to express our individual dark-skinned selves without fear or shame† (309). Onwuchekwa Jemie, who identified Hughes as a black nationalist, notes that â€Å"Hughes’s insistence on a distinct black art †¦ is †¦ a recognition of the fact that Afro-Americans are a distinct people within the American nation† (103). Therefore, â€Å"I, Too† creates a feeling of an individual versus a large group enhancing the loneliness felt. The poem recognizes an actual inequality African Americans felt during a time period of racial discrimination. Hughes recognizes that although different in color, all people living in America were Americans and deserved to be treated not just equally, but with dignity and honor. Therefore, he poetically forecasts the trends America experienced in 1960’s when the equal status of blacks was nominal. Hughes is not known for using lots of symbolism. His poetry is generally straight forward and to the point. There is not much hidden meaning in his poetry either. What little symbolism he does use is very deep. It can be interpreted in a many number of ways. â€Å"I Too Sing America† has psychological and cultural references such as intergroup stereotyping, communication, cooperation, and conflict. Moreover, it sounds like a slogan, appeal to immediate action. Therefore he hides his radicalism in very title of the poem, which is not a poem at a closer look but a song. It is very crucial to perceive â€Å"I Too Sing America† as a song, emotional, radical, political, but still focused on black aesthetics. The poem is about the hope of one day being equal; it is expressed in each stanza at least once. â€Å"I laugh And eat well And grow strong.† These lines represent hope along with determination. It also gives us insight to the style that Hughes uses in all his poetry. He uses humor in most of his writing to convey his message. What the laugh represents is his thoughts of the future. â€Å"I laugh†¦Ã¢â‚¬  They will laugh, and will be happy. Moreover, laugh means that he’ll be able to look back. Eating is another interesting symbol. Most probably it represents learning and knowledge. Without knowledge one cannot further themselves in life or make themselves better. Eating well means to learn well and retain the knowledge. â€Å"Growing strong† represents the retaining of the knowledge. Not only does this mean to grow strong with knowledge but for the voices of equality to grow stronger. The biggest use of symbolism is the last line: â€Å"I, too, am America.† In Walt Whitman’s poem â€Å"I hear America singing† the American people are just the working class, Anglo Saxons. The line â€Å"I, too,  am America† shouts out that someone was forgotten, an poetic echo of many years of oppression and discrimination. Whom are you are going to oppress. Hughes’s answer is – yourself. People oppressed themselves yesterday, are oppressing today, but will not tomorrow. Tomorrow will come and no one will be neglected. The psychological and cultural references are not as blatantly placed as the symbolism. The darker brother represents the black man trough a metaphor. In society darkness is used to symbolize evil. Poet employs such a term not accidentally. Placing â€Å"dark,† Hughes emphasizes term â€Å"black.† Eating in the kitchen represents repression. Most Kitchens are hidden much like the suffering of African Americans. They were hidden from the company; the company can be interpreted as a metaphor for foreign countries, or people in general. Most American people were blind to the horror and brutality of slavery. Slavery was also psychological, that is why the knowledge is important. Before one can rise up, one must first discover what it is they are rising up against. â€Å"Tomorrow I’ll be at the table When company comes Nobody’ll dare Say to me, â€Å"Eat in the kitchen’, Then.† Above lines show that â€Å"dark brothers† have learned and will no longer be held down. It also shows the strength of their voices that no one will challenge any longer. It describes the future and the past using the kitchen as the  world. The best realization is made at the end of the poem: Besides, They’ll see how beautiful I am And be ashamed.† Poet employs contrast technique to put a parallel between ugly black today and beautiful â€Å"dark brother† of tomorrow, making a transparent window through past to future. Captive Negro waits for tomorrow beauty and finally he will be rewarded for his patience and sufferings. In these last words, as many analysts believe, Hughes makes an emphasis on black culture, its terrific features and diversity. Rampersad writes, â€Å"through the display of black sensitivity, intelligence, and artistic versatility, it was believed, whites would come to a new understanding of the humanity of African Americans and help to accelerate social change† (16). If anything were going to convince a â€Å"white† America of the humanity and equality of blacks, it would have to be â€Å"culture,† that realm where human beings differentiate themselves from the â€Å"savage† and aspire to the divine. Bibliography Johnson, Charles S. Jazz and Blues. Critical Essays on Langston Hughes. Ed. Edward J. Mullen. Boston: Hall, 1986. Onwuchekwa, Jemie. Hughes’s Black Esthetic. Critical Essays on Langston Hughes. Ed. Edward J. Mullen. Boston: Hall, 1986. Rampersad, Arnold. Introduction. The New Negro. Ed. Alain Locke. New York: Atheneum: 1992. Hughes L. Good Morning Revolution: Uncollected Writings of Langston Hughes. Ed. Faith Berry. New York: Carol Publishing Group, 1992. 159-61.

Alcoholism Is It A Disease - 1564 Words

Drug use has been a part of human history since the beginning of time, with an especially steep incline in the 20th century. Amongst these drugs, the most commonly abused is alcohol. The National On Alcohol and Drug Dependence states that, 17.6 million people suffer from alcohol abuse or dependence. If this substance is so frequently abused, one must question what it is about alcohol that makes a person become dependent? Is it a choice or is it a side effect of the drug itself? In other words, is it a disease? In order to come to a conclusion on the topic, we must first define the nature of disease itself. According to Webster’s dictionary, it is â€Å"a condition that prevents the body or mind from working normally†. Based on this definition, alcoholism is a disease. This is to say, however, the general populace can agree upon the definition decided by Merriam-Webster. Every person is entitled to their own opinion of what qualifies as a disease. The thought of alcoholi sm creates a moral quandary for many people. Religious and personal views can affect how the word is perceived. Mark Gold, in Alcohol Addiction Magazine, says â€Å"Alcoholism is a mysterious affliction that originates in an immoral individual who lacks character or has an addictive personality are popular views.† Both of these views place all blame on the addict. It suggests they made the conscious choice to continue drinking and haven’t stopped solely because they haven’t chosen to stop. This theory simplifies theShow MoreRelatedAlcoholism : Is Alcoholism A Disease?929 Words   |  4 PagesAlcoholism has raised many debates over the truth of its nature. Many scholars argue that alcoholism can be treated as a disease. Such approach to defining alcoholism means denying that alcohol abusers own a choice. In consequence, the treatment related differs and may or may not actually help alcoholics recover. 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Danielle M Ellis WVNCC Abstract Webster’s New World Dictionary defines alcoholism as a chronic condition which is mainly characterized by excessive and compulsive consumption of and dependence on alcohol as well as nutritional and mental disorders. This definition depicts alcoholism as a disease that is beyond one’s control. It has however been argued in some circles that alcoholism is a choice and the idea of alcoholism as a disease is a myth. Since it is an individualRead MoreIs Alcoholism A Disease Or A Lifestyle Choice?1933 Words   |  8 Pageswhether alcoholism is a disease or a lifestyle choice. One blogger expressed her opinion about how alcoholism is genetic and that parents, about how it is genetic that anxiety and depression is inherited from parents leading, to becoming an addict. But the blogger by the name of andrew69055 stated, â€Å"People would do well to work more on resolving anxiety and depression rather than using alcohol disease as an excuse†¦People need hope and motivat ion and the handed out excuse that it’s a disease is destructive†¦

Effects of Southern Racism in A Gathering of Old Men - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 3 Words: 865 Downloads: 9 Date added: 2019/02/05 Category Society Essay Level High school Tags: Racism Essay Did you like this example? The life of African Americans is not pleasant. Southern African Americans established a hard lifestyle due to the denial of equal rights because of racism. Most problems are centered in the South, which is not surprising for their racist devotion for decades. African Americans encounter with racism started a Southern rebellion against the issue. Ernest J. Gaines’s novel A Gathering of Old Men connects how racism affects the Southern United States. One of the effects of racism in the novel and the Southern United States is white superiority. According to Gaines, â€Å"What the hell did you say?† she asked Clatoo. â€Å"You know where you’re at? You know who you’re talking to? Get the hell off my place† (173). The white men brotherhood proves that discriminating African-American people evolved due to their inhuman fellowship ( Akins 70). Charlie implies the only safe route away from discrimination is the swamp indicating the terror of white superiority (Wardi 43). In Gaines words â€Å" I ain’t raising my hand against no white folks for no niggers† Griffin answered him† (195). Northern and Southern white men call black men yard dogs, confirming the novels white superiority (Akins 69-70). Beau’s brutal superiority towards the African American in the plantation illustrates his assassination by Charlie (Wardi 39). To summarize, white supremacy is a significant cause of racism in the novel and the Southern United States. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Effects of Southern Racism in A Gathering of Old Men" essay for you Create order Furthermore, racism also effects friendship in the novel and connection to the Southern United States. Gaines says, â€Å"I held on to one of his arms, and Cal was patting him on the back to console him. Then suddenly he just turned against Cal. Out of the blue, he looked at Cal like he suddenly hated him† (113). The father of the murderer lost his trust for the local newspaper editor supporting racisms effect on friendship ( Roosevelt 7). In â€Å"A Failure of Love,† the Catholic church shows how the white lady and man have no friendship towards African-Americans (Akins 68). Gaines adds, â€Å"She laid her hand on Mathu’s shoulder, soft like touching a flower. Mathu’s face never changed much, but he smiled when Candy touched him† (110). A father and store owner give the black community hope, but money establishes a risk in their intercultural friendship (Roosevelt 7-9). Lower class whites executed the rich folks’ work which argues th e sense of a white that killed a child affecting their friendship (â€Å"The Autobiography of Miss Jane Pittman† 21). In short, the effect racism has on friendship deteriorates everyone in the novel and the Southern United States. Moreover, Racism affects language in the novel and the Southern United States. According to Gaines, â€Å"And let those niggers stand there with guns, and we don’t accommodate them?† (145). The lost of war indicates the vague language white men used against African-Americans (â€Å"The Autobiography of Miss Jane Pittman† 20). In 1964 King was statemented hate for the whites for his toll against property rights arguing the racist language (Theoharis 46). Gaines shows, â€Å"I have no niggers, he said. Never had any niggers. Never wanted any niggers. Never will have any niggers. They belong to her† (159). Black students were shocked by the language a woman said when she indicated they would be poisoned ( â€Å"The Autobiography of Miss Jane Pittman† 25 ). Whenever a white mother lower her voice implies the language is toward African Americans (Akins 68). In brief, the language has evolved in society engaging violent racism towards minor rac es. Another effect of racism in A Gathering of Old Men is Southern power. Gaines states, â€Å"Black people get lynched, get drowned, get shot, guts all hanging out-and here he comes up with ain’t no proof who did it† (108). African-American traditions were greatly deterred by white men demonstrating the excessive power Southern Government gave white men ( Wardi 36). African Americans were denied their rights by any white master even a family burial implying overpower (Wardi 38). Gaines adds, â€Å"You send that nigger out here, and I’ll go home,†Luke will call back†(195). African American were victims of greater hazardous events after the loss against the union (â€Å"The Autobiography of Miss Jane Pittman† 20). African American were whipped to death for improper works illustrating the Southern overpower (â€Å"A Gathering of Old Men† 130). All in all, the South’s excessive increased racism throughout the united states. Finally, racism affects people in the book and the South based on appearance. According to Gaines, â€Å"Sure, he said. I suffer from dizzy spells, too, every time I shoot somebody. He looked over his shoulder toward the road† ( 110). The white American disgust towards the African-American appearance cause destruction in race, resulting in an increased racial society (Akins 65-66). An African-American teacher was murdered for his appearance and methods of teaching ( â€Å"The Autobiography of Miss Jane Pittman† 24). Gaines States, â€Å"He’s Mathu, Mapes said. But I represent the law. And I did find a dead man in his yard. That gives me the right to question even Mathu† (83). In the book Blues for Mister Charlie, a black man was murder for his appearance by white men after he whistled at a white lady (Roosevelt 1). White men spoke corruptly to the white women of the black man as original murderers (Roosevelt 16 ). Overall, appearance is affected b y racism in the book and the Souths’ regime.

Free Trade Blocs, A Major Step Towards Economic Integration

Free Trade Blocs Free trade blocs are intergovernmental agreements that limit regional barriers to trade by integrating different economies. The four types of trade blocs are Preferential Trade Area, Free Trade Area, Customs Union, and Common Market. The specific trade blocs included in this analysis are Mercosur, North American Free Trade Agreement, European Union. Preferential Trade Area (PTA) is when countries in the same geographical region agree to eliminate or reduce tariff barriers on certain goods. Similar to PTA, the Free Trade area is when two or more countries agree to eliminate or reduce barriers to trade and freely import and export goods between each other. Members of a trade bloc who remove trade barriers internally, while imposing a uniform tariff on non-member countries is an example of a Customs Union. Members of a Customs Union will come together and negotiate tariff regulations with countries outside their bloc. One of the most comprehensive trade blocs is the Com mon Market. A Common Market is a major step towards economic integration. In a Common Market, bloc member countries are able to trade all economic resources without restraint. While other types of trade blocs primarily free up the trading of goods and services, the Common Market frees the flow of capital and labor between member nations. Also in the Common Market bloc tariffs and non-tariff barriers are removed, increasing free trade activity. Nations that belong to a Common Market must haveShow MoreRelatedRegional Trading Blocs2360 Words   |  10 PagesINTRODUCTION : A regional trading bloc is a group of countries within a geographical region that protect themselves from imports from non-members. Trading blocs are a form of economic integration, and increasingly shape the pattern of world trade. 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Marketing Plan Pizza Hut Company

Question: Describe about the Marketing Plan for Pizza Hut Company. Answer: Introduction In this study, we will conduct a market plan for Pizza Hut Company. The marketing plan plays an important role as it let us know about the situation and condition of the market. As we know that is relevant for all the business organization to avail the situation of the market and bring innovation in the organization. If we talk about pizza hut, there is a need to introduce halal meat topping as most of the competitors of pizza hut had already introduced such kind of topping in their organization. Many of the competitors seek this advantage before pizza hut. The report will carry the SWOT analysis of the company in which the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats of Pizza hut will discuss. SWOT analysis plays an important role as it explains the prominent points for the company. Every company should conduct its SWOT analysis on regular basis. In todays era the competition in food industry has been increased due to the new entrants in the market like dominos, burger king, etc . In this study, we will learned about the new product introduced by pizza hut that is halal meat topping that helps the pizza hut to target the Muslim customers and the other potential customers who love to eat halal food. It also targets those customers who do not have any kind of preference. This type of market strategy will help to curb the market hare of the competitors like dominos and the other competitors in the market. An overview of pizza hut and market summary for the company Pizza hut is a giant seller of pizzas and other fast food items that was established in the year 1958. It serves more than 1.7 million pizzas on a daily basis, and its range of customers is more than 4 million for per day. It has more than 12000 restaurants as it is the worlds largest restaurant chain that sells pizza. As we know that pizza hut is a giant company that sells pizza so it becomes more relevant for this company to introduce halal topping meat pizza as almost all of the competitors use to sell halal topping in their restaurants (pizzahut.com. 2016). Pizza Hut competitors are Mac Donalds, KFC, dominos, which are also food chains and have their operations, is almost every part of the globe. They offer halal food items in their restaurants from past years. It is a right time for pizza hut to launch halal meat topping and halal items in their restaurants. It helps to target the Muslim customers and the other potential customers at the market place, it also attract the customers who do not have any kind of preferences. The changes take place in the ingredients help pizza hut to bring innovation. Changes will bring benefits in the orgnaistaion and helps it to reach o a next level. Pizza hut is company that frequently adds some new items and flavors to its menu (Baker, and Sinkula, 2005). The introduction of new product by the pizza hut helps the company to get back the market position and the company again transforms into a leading company of pizzas. This level of success is very relevant to get the advantage from the competitors. As we know, that food chains are targeting every segment of the market whether they are school going children or old age people, different communities, vegetarian and non vegetarian etc.( Bigliardi, and Galati, 2013) SWOT analysis of Pizza Hut Strength Pizza Hut is the worlds largest chain of restaurants for pizza and other fast food items. It is a brand leader of Unite Kingdom with than 34,000 franchises in the entire world. As we know that pizza hut is a company that provides a very large range of different types of pizza under a single roof which is the specialty of this fast food chain. It is beneficial for both the companies and the customers as now people become very much fond of fat food items due to the fast moving lives. It attracts not only children but also the other age and almost all the age of people. The uniqueness of Pizza Hut let it sit on the top of the tree form all restaurants of global world. Although, it is a largest restaurant fast food chain in the world, they dominate the entire market of food industry. Pizza Hut always tries to make investments in new products that means in new pizzas. They do have many competitors like dominos yet they do not have to face a huge competition as they have an advantage over other competitors. Unlike dominos, they do not only deliver pizza but also serves at restaurants. Pizza Hut is a restaurant that provides place to eat as well as take away services also to its customers. The sale of Pizza Hut is many times more than its competitors that imply that they have good revenue to earn. It helps to bring improvements and adjustments in the business (Baker, and Hart, 2008). Weaknesses The biggest weakness for Pizza Hut is that the regular customers are not satisfied with the taste and they fell that the taste is declining. The lower customers satisfaction, the reduction in the number of customers and the creditability of Pizza Hut are the reasons due to which the reputation of the company is turning down. It is resulting in conversion of regular customers to the main competition of Pizza Hut that is dominos pizzas. The other weakness of this company is complexities in the computer systems of the company. It brings many types of internal and external problems from the franchises. This issue downs the motivation of the employees and the staff working with Pizza Hut. The third problem faced by Pizza Hut is that there is no organic pizza. It will lower the quality of the pizzas and other products. Such types of obsolete services are resulting in dissatisfaction of the customers. The absence of organic pizza and lack of innovation is limiting the target market for Pizza Hut. Opportunities There are many opportunities for Pizza Hut as they can launch different type of pizza, such as their size can be changes, flavors and new toppings, etc. they can now target the market segmentation according to the upscale products and services and the downscale customers base. They can also grow their presence in the emerging a new markets that will provide them a new range of customers. They can use new and updated distribution systems and also the leverage supply chains so that they are able to introduce new and innovative products and services. Pizza Hut has the opportunity to get a good market share and maximizes its share in the food industry. Threats As we know that the competition in the market has been increased due to new entrants. This result is growing competetion for Pizza Hut. The biggest threat for Pizza Hut is dominos pizza as they deliver pizza in a very cheap price. Mac Donalds has also introduced McPizza that is also a big threat for Pizza Hut. The companies do not think much about threats but such type of threats are creating problem to Pizza Hut. The external controls create direct and indirect impact on the working of the business (Reinartz, Krafft, and Hoyer, 2004). The growing competition in the food industry undermines the value and image of Pizza Hut. This is lowering the sales amount of Pizza Hut as the sales are going to the small companies who are selling pizzas at lower rates. The production cost and the raw marital (cheese, and other ingredients) used by Pizza Hut is of premium quality due to which the price of pizza are more than the competitors. there is a need to improve the quality by lowering the cost of production at a similar point of time will help pizza hut to earn competitive advantage form its competitors (Im, and Workman, 2004). Explanation of SWOT Analysis of Pizza Hut As we know that a SWOT analysis can be tangible and intangible too. Each and every organization should conduct its SWOT analysis to analyze the market situation and condition. It explains the internal and external factors of the organization. If we talk about the SWOT analysis of pizza hut than we will come to know that this company has a wide range to improve as now days the customers have a wide range of expectations. Besides all of theta, there is a need to bring innovation in the manufacturing of pizza, new and updated promotional and advertisement techniques must be used so that ore customer can be attracted (Counihan, and Van Esterik, 2012). SWOT analysis is carried out to analyze the market position of the company and organization Pizza Hut should also improve the services and communication skills that are provide by them at restaurants. This can be done through proper training of employees. It helps to enhance the business. The overview and the SWOT analysis of the company have let us know about the company and its management. It has told us the importance for Pizza Hut to introduce new item like halal meet topping" as it is already offered by the competitors of the pizza hut. The company also has to concentrate on the internal factors that create a negative impact on the reputation of Pizza Hut. It can be between the franchises and their conflicts that are required to be sorted as they will affect the business and its reputation. In addition to all above, Pizza Hut should focus on the delivery services and take away services. The home delivery must be on time and make it sure that the food should be remaining hot till it will reach to the customers (Vaaland, Heide, and Gronhaug, 2008). Recommendations The company should use tight control measures and implement them in the organization as the customer satisfaction is very important for Pizza Hut. It is highly recommendable to separate the halal and non-halal meat as some Muslims faith in non-halal food. The company should make sure that the non halal food must not get mixed with halal food. Pizza Hut should use separate utensils for cooking of both the food. The making and baking of halal and non halal food must be separate. The staff must be guided and trained to manage such small things in the kitchen. These types of strategies will help the company in the higher satisfaction and also attract more and more customers to pizza hut (Zahra, and Dess, 2001). The other field where pizza hut need to work is on the advertisement and promotions. They must use some new and updated techniques to reach to their potential customers. It will help to concrete strong brand image and also the sale of the company will increase (Priem, and Butler, 2001). Conclusion At last we can conclude that pizza hut has a very strong brand image which is very beneficial for pizza hut. Pizza Hut is the worlds largest chain of restaurants for pizza and other fast food items. It is a brand leader of Unite Kingdom with than 34,000 franchises in the entire world. The SWOT analysis of the company tells that it is a good company. Yet, there are some recommendation provided so that company can earn more money and reputation in the market. In this way, we can say that marketing plan is very relevant for all the companies as it provides an overview of the market. It is not only helpful to the customer but also for the company as the company acne brings required changes that are traced while doing the market analysis. SWOT analysis plays an important role as it explains the prominent points for the company. These types of analysis let the company trace the issues and problems faced by the pizza hut. The learners have a deep knowledge about the market analysis and the importance of SWOT analysis because these are some relevant task that must be done by every company. 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